Half-King: One year of wandering New York City with an Olympus Pen D

It was the winter of my discontent, made gloriously awful by leaden skies and the prospect of no work on the horizon.  As a freelancer, my gigs are highly seasonal, and I found myself at the end of last holiday season with little to do but walk around the city with a camera.  So early last January, I stood along the East River with my freshly-purchased Olympus Pen-D. I walked north from Wall Street, past the finance bros and tourists, with nothing but the white noise of traffic on the FDR Drive, and waited.  In the distance, two birds dropped from the girders of the highway overpass and opened their wings.  I preset the focus to 3 meters, raised the camera to my eye, and tick.  I was smitten. 

I had known almost nothing about half frame film cameras until the month before. I had spent Labor Day to Christmas working six and sometimes seven days a week. I was exhausted and stressed, and so I opened a new tab on my computer and started wandering the internet for some retail therapy. “I deserve a little treat for working so hard,” I thought to myself. “A Christmas present.”

After a few minutes of reading, I came across a compact camera from 1962 called the Olympus Pen-D.  The Pen line of cameras were all half-frame film cameras, which squeeze twice as many frames onto a standard roll of 35mm film as a standard, full-frame camera.  “What the heck,” I rationalized as I looked at the $90 price tag.  “It will help me save money,” I thought, and clicked the BUY button.  I had never really considered owning a half-frame camera until just then.  Before 1959, no one else in the world really had either. 

Sixty-five years ago, a junior designer at Olympus submitted the blueprints for this camera’s progenitor, the original Pen. The designer, Yoshihisa Maitani, wanted to create a high-quality, ultra-compact camera, one that could be small enough and portable enough to carry anywhere (like a pen!) He succeeded, and the Pen was a runaway success.

Olympus released the Pen-D in 1962 as a higher-spec, prosumer upgrade to the original model.  The original English instructions for the camera declare, with a touch of hauteur, “the compactness of the Pen-D and its advanced features make it eminently suitable for the most discerning amateur.”     Eminently.

It is without doubt a handsome little machine dressed up in black and chrome.  The face of the camera is a wonderfully space-aged interplay of geometry. The lens, the hemispherical focus knob and the p.c. socket counterbalance the trapezoidal viewfinder and meter housing. While the six-element lens, the F Zuiko 32mm f/1.9, is significantly larger than the original Pen’s 28mm f/3.5 optics, it still projects just 2 centimeters from the body of the camera.

The control layout looks and functions similarly to other fixed lens 35mm cameras of the 60s and 70s.  It has a leaf shutter, which is both whisper quiet and allows flash synchronization at all speeds.  Shutter speed and aperture are controlled by concentric dials on the lens barrel.  Shutter speeds run from 1/500 second in full stops down to 1/8 of a second, plus a bulb setting.   

The camera also sports an uncoupled light meter built into the viewfinder window housing.  The meter supports film speeds up to 400 ISO, and the zebra-stripe meter display on the top plate of the camera has an indicator needle that will give a readout in exposure values.  You can then match the reading with a small cutout window behind the shutter speed dial.  Rotating the aperture and shutter speed dials will show the corresponding exposure value that the change in exposure has made.  The meter in the D is selenium, and so requires no battery to operate. 

In addition, there is a small, semicircular focus lever snug against the lens barrel.   The edge is milled for an easy fingertip grip.  Minimum focus is .8 meters (just over 31 inches), with two click stops at 1.2 meters (just under 4 feet) and 3 meters (just under 10 feet) before stopping at infinity (blissfully, no conversion necessary there). 

Loading the camera, while a bit archaic, is fairly straightforward. Turn a flip-out key on the baseplate, and slide the two halves of the camera apart. Insert the cassette, pull the leader across to the take-up spool, and fire the shutter. Two quick strokes of the film advance wheel will enable the film sprockets to engage the cogs, and it is ready to close. Slide the two halves back together, making sure the pressure plate doesn’t snag, and close the key. Advance the shutter two more frames, reset the lovely little film counter behind the shutter release, and go.

There are two salient differences between the Pen-D and most other manual focus, fixed-lens cameras of yore. First, as half-frame camera, the Pen-D natively shoots in a portrait orientation. Rather than creating a standard horizontal 24x36mm image, half frames create a vertical 18x24mm negative. Therefore the camera must be turned on its side in order to make a horizontal photo. Second, there are no focusing aids. Traditionally, manual-focus compact cameras were rangefinders, where a second window on the faceplate projected a double image of the subject in a small patch in the center of the viewfinder.  Adjusting focus on these other cameras will move the double image left or right, and when the images align, the subject is in focus.  Not so for the simplified viewfinder camera.  Here, we have to estimate distance and slide the focus lever to the corresponding number listed on the side of the lens barrel. 

This was fairly intimidating at first because a) I don’t think I’m great at judging distance, and b) as I’m an American, I’m guessing in feet and inches and not meters.  I ended up missing focus on a number of shots for the first couple rolls of film I shot with the Pen-D, but the learning curve isn’t steep; half-frame cameras have a very generous depth of field, and usually a best guess at distance to your subject will yield acceptable focus. 

I was prepared to be a little disappointed with the image quality of the camera – after all, it’s only using a tiny fingernail of film.  But the lens is lovely, and photos coming out of it are sharp, contrasty, and almost spectral in the way details loom out of the grain.  I spent all of last winter with the Pen-D tucked in my coat pocket, the sounds of the hushed tick of the shutter followed by the two short geared throws of the advance wheel becoming addictive. Half-frame cameras can regularly make 74 or more photos on a standard 36-exposure roll of film, and it can make for some serious low-stakes fun.

I’m not sure that I would recommend this particular model to just anyone – a fair number of photographers (maybe most?) would be turned off by the all-manual controls and its immodest heft: at 400 grams (14 ounces), it is nearly twice the weight of Maitani’s ultra-compact camera of 1979, the XA.  No matter. By my count, there were 18 variations of the Pen series made between 1959 and 1983, including a glut of automated Pen EE models to choose from. The Pen D line is aimed squarely at the control freak, and I find it eminently suitable.